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专有名词

普通名词

国名地名人名，团体机构名称

可数名词

不可数名词

个体名词

集体名词

抽象名词

物质名词

规则

例词

1

一般情况在词尾加-s

map-maps, sea-seas, girl-girls, day-days

2

以s, x, ch, sh结尾的名词后加-es

class-classes, box-boxes, watch-watches, dish-dishes

3

以-f或-fe结尾的词

变-f和-fe为v再加-es

leaf-leaves, thief-thieves, knife-knives, loaf-loaves, wife-wives

加-s

belief-beliefs, chief-chiefs, proof-proofs, roof-roofs, gulf-gulfs

4

以辅音字母加y结尾的名词，变y为i加-es

party-parties, family-families, story-stories, city-cities

5

以元音字母加y结尾的名词，或专有名词以y结尾的，加-s

toy-toys, boy-boys, day-days, ray-rays, Henry-Henrys

6

以辅音字母加-o结尾的名词

一般加-es

hero-heroes, Negro-Negroes, potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes

不少外来词加-s

piano-pianos, photo-photos, auto-autos, kilo-kilos, solo-solos

两者皆可

zero-zeros/zeroes, volcano-volcanoes/ volcanos

7

以元音字母加-o结尾的名词加-s

radio-radios, bamboo-bamboos, zoo-zoos

8

以-th结尾的名词加-s

truth-truths, mouth-mouths, month-months, path-paths,

规则

例词

1

改变名词中的元音字母或其他形式

man-men, woman-women, foot-feet, goose-geese, mouse-mice

2

单复数相同

sheep, deer, series, means, works, fish, species li, yuan, jin,

3

只有复数形式

ashes, trousers, clothes, thanks, goods, glasses, compasses, contents

4

一些集体名词总是用作复数

people, police, cattle, staff

5

部分集体名词既可以作单数（整体）也可以作复数（成员）

audience, class, family, crowd, couple, group, committee, government, population, crew, team, public, enemy, party

6

复数形式表示特别含义

customs(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), spirits(情绪), drinks(饮料), sands(沙滩), papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外表), brains(头脑智力), greens(青菜), ruins(废墟)

7

表示“某国人”

加-s

Americans, Australians, Germans, Greeks, Swedes, Europeans

单复数同形

Swiss, Portuguese, Chinese, Japanese

以-man或-woman结尾的改为-men,-women

Englishmen, Frenchwomen

8

合成名词

将主体名词变为复数

sons-in-law, lookers-on, passers-by, story-tellers, boy friends

无主体名词时将最后一部分变为复数

grown-ups, housewives, stopwatches

将两部分变为复数

women singers, men servants